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upper embeddable graph - translation to russian
![An [[apex graph]]. If the planar part of the graph is embedded on a flat plane in space, and the apex vertex is placed above the plane and connected to it by straight line segments, the resulting embedding is flat.](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Apex graph.svg?width=200 "An [[apex graph]]. If the planar part of the graph is embedded on a flat plane in space, and the apex vertex is placed above the plane and connected to it by straight line segments, the resulting embedding is flat.")
![Two linked curves forming a [[Hopf link]].](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Hopf Link.png?width=200 "Two linked curves forming a [[Hopf link]].")
![The [[Petersen family]].](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Petersen family.svg?width=200 "The [[Petersen family]].")
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Definition
Wikipedia
In topological graph theory, a mathematical discipline, a linkless embedding of an undirected graph is an embedding of the graph into three-dimensional Euclidean space in such a way that no two cycles of the graph are linked. A flat embedding is an embedding with the property that every cycle is the boundary of a topological disk whose interior is disjoint from the graph. A linklessly embeddable graph is a graph that has a linkless or flat embedding; these graphs form a three-dimensional analogue of the planar graphs. Complementarily, an intrinsically linked graph is a graph that does not have a linkless embedding.
Flat embeddings are automatically linkless, but not vice versa. The complete graph K6, the Petersen graph, and the other five graphs in the Petersen family do not have linkless embeddings. Every graph minor of a linklessly embeddable graph is again linklessly embeddable, as is every graph that can be reached from a linklessly embeddable graph by a Y-Δ transform. The linklessly embeddable graphs have the Petersen family graphs as their forbidden minors, and include the planar graphs and apex graphs. They may be recognized, and a flat embedding may be constructed for them, in O(n2).
